Past Perfect Tense:Definition (সংজ্ঞা): অতীতে দুটি কাজ হয়ে থাকলে যেটি আগে সম্পন্ন হয়েছিল সেটির Past perfect tense এবং যেটি পরে সম্পন্ন হয়েছিল সেটির Past indefinite tense হয়।Structure (গঠন): Sub + had + past participleমনে রাখবে: ‘Before’ এর পূর্বে এবং ‘After’ এর পর Past perfect tense হয় এবং ‘Before’-এর পরে ও ‘After’-এর পূর্বে Past indefinite tense হয়।বিস্তারিত উদাহরণের মাধ্যমে দেখান হল-
Past perfect > before < Past indefinite We had reached the station > before < the train left.The patient had died > before < the doctor came.Past indefinite > after < Past perfect We arrived at the field > after < the game had started.I ate rice > after < my father had come home.Uses (ব্যবহার):(i) Present perfect tense-এর past সমমানতা দেখাতে Past perfect tense হয়। যেমন-Present: Anwar has just left. If you hurry, you will catch him.
Past: When I arrived, Anwar had just left.Past Present: I have lost my case.
Past: He had lost his case and had to borrow from others.(ii) কোন কাজ অতীতে কোন এক সময় শুরু হয়েছে এবং (a) যখন বলা হচ্ছে সে সময়ও চলছে এবং (b) সে সময় শেষ হয়েছিল বা কিছুক্ষণ পূর্বে শেষ হয়েছিল –এরূপ ক্ষেত্রে Past perfect tense ব্যবহৃত হয়।যেমন-
He had been in the army for four years.
We had waited all the day.(iii) ২য় কাজের পূর্বে ১ম কাজ শেষ হয়েছে বুঝাতে when-এর পূর্বে Past perfect tense হয়। যেমন- When he had shut the window, we opened the door of the case. (খাচার দরজাটি খোলার পূর্বে আমরা জানালা বন্ধ হওয়ার জন্য অপেক্ষা করছিলাম।)When he had seen all the pictures, he said he was ready to leave.(iv) As soon as/ immediately/ at the moment-এর সাথে Past perfect tense ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে। যেমন-Immediately had he made a noise the bird flew away.(v) পরোক্ষ উক্তিতে Past perfect tense-এর ব্যবহার:Present perfect tenses in direct speech become past perfect tenses in indirect speech. যেমন—
He said, “I have done the sum.”
He said that he had done the sum.
He said, “When you have worked for a year, you will get an increment in salary.”
He said that when I had worked for a year, I would get an increment in salary.Simple past tenses in direct speech usually change into past perfect in indirect speech. যেমন—Rahman said, “I knew the man well.”
Rahman said that he had known the man well.(vi) If, unless, as if, as though-এর পরে Past perfect tense হয়। যেমন—If I had seen him earlier, I could have saved him from danger.
He talked about Rome as though he had been there himself.
